Ebook: Material Strength and Applied Mechanics

This volume of proceedings is a compilation of 17 accepted papers submitted to the 6th International Conference on Material Strength and Applied Mechanics (MSAM 2023). This international platform aims to facilitate the exchange of information among those scientists, technologists, and engineers engaged in basic or applied research, technology development, application, and innovation in material strength and applied mechanics worldwide. This annual conference was held successfully in Macau, China, from 4–7 July 2023, and was attended (online and offline) by over 70 researchers, scholars, and experts from academia and industry in materials science and engineering from 10 countries (Australia, Brazil, China, France, Hungary, India, Japan, Mexico, Portugal, and South Korea). Two keynote speeches, thirty-one invited & oral presentations, and twelve posters were presented with impressive results.

The papers selected for this volume of proceedings contain the latest advancements in applied mechanics, intelligent manufacturing technology, mechanical engineering, numerical methods and optimal design of structures, advanced materials sciences, computational methods and modeling, simulation processes, and industrial applications, among other things.

All papers were rigorously peer-reviewed by two or three independent reviewers from among the members of the Technical Program Committee (TPC) and invited reviewers. Criteria for the selection of papers included scope, applications, research merit, experimental techniques, and grammar. These proceedings will benefit researchers and professionals across the broad range of engineering in fields such as material science, aerospace, mechanical, automotive, and civil engineering, and will facilitate understanding and the adoption of appropriate solutions in tackling those challenges that will inevitably be encountered.

We would like to take this opportunity to extend our sincere thanks to all those speakers and authors who contributed their latest research findings to the conference. Acknowledgment and thanks are also due to the conference editors, committee members, and reviewers for their hard work in making the conference such a success. Special thanks go to Conference Secretary Ms. Kelly Feng for her excellent offline/online support and facilitation.

Technical Committee Chair

Dr. Alexander Khotsianovsky

Associate Editor of Strength of Materials

Pisarenko Institute of Problems of Strength, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine

This work introduces a new approach for probabilistic elastoplastic topology optimization based on the improved bidirectional structural optimization (BESO) technique. To consider uncertainties, the volume fraction and the material properties are considered randomly. Thus, the reliability-based design is integrated into the deterministic design by applying a reliability constraint to the optimization problem. Furthermore, using limit analysis, a bound is applied to the plastic limit load multipliers to govern the plastic behavior of the problems. Results from a 2D benchmark problem are used to illustrate how adequate the approach that has been provided is. Also, a 2D elastoplastic numerical example is shown to illustrate the proposed method’s capability of identifying the best topology for elastoplastic models in the context of reliability-based design. The results indicate that the reliability constraints work effectively as a bound that reduces the yielding states.

Hot stamping is ideal for producing various automotive structural components, due to its capacity to generate lightweight parts with good mechanical properties like strength, hardness, and durability. This study proposed a new hot stamping design die with an integrated conformal cooling channel. Hot stamping dies with different cooling channel layout was subsequently simulated. Flow simulation considering selection of channel layout type (Reynolds number derived from flow evaluation for each channel), temperature evolution for the blank over each cycle, and local hot spot development on the die are presented and compared. The simulation results reveals that the proposed Spiral Conformal Cooling Channel (CCC) significantly improves the cooling performance of stamping dies, especially in cooling uniformity. Based on the simulation results, the optimum conformal channel layout structure that is efficient and suitable for additive manufacturing can be determined.

This work established strain-based forming limit diagrams (FLDs) for DP600 steel sheets by means of experimental investigation and theoretical prediction. The results showed that compared to the theoretical forming limit curve (FLC), predicted by Keeler equation, the theoretical FLCs predicted by the Hill’79 yield criterion, or the Logan-Hosford yield criterion, were more suitable for predicting the forming limit of DP600 steel sheets. Solutions from the analytical methods were compared to experimental FLD, established based on combining uniaxial tensile tests and hydraulic bulging tests, only with an error of 3 %, proving the rationality and accuracy of the theoretical prediction.

On 6th February 2023, a strong earthquake of magnitude Mw7.8 struck the central and southern parts of Turkey and the northern and western parts of Syria. The epicentre of the earthquake was located approximately 35 km west–northwest of the town Gaziantep, followed by more than 570 strong aftershocks. A strong aftershock measuring Mw 6.7 occurred about 11 minutes after the main shock, while the stronger one (Mw 7.5) around 9 hours later, with an epicenter 95 km to the northeast of the first earthquake. Recorded peak ground accelerations reached 2g, while the vertical acceleration was approximately equal to 1.4g. There was widespread damage with collapsed buildings and countless life loss (humans and animals). The aim of the present paper is to study the response of a nine-story reinforced concrete building (RC), during this seismic sequence. The benchmark building was redesigned with the optimal design of a tuned mass damper (TMD) at the roof of the building. The comparison of the results shows the TMD’s effectiveness in minimizing 50% of the max-story drift, as well as the horizontal displacement in both directions of the building. In addition, the use of the TMD protects the structure from collapse.

In the drilling process of offshore exploration wells and high-risk wells, the possibility of high-pressure overflow and kick increases greatly when encountering unknown or inaccurate formation conditions. If it is not handled properly, it may cause catastrophic accidents. Overflow and kick are the early warnings of blowout accidents, and the wellhead blowout preventer can be shut off first to cope with such emergency conditions. However, once the bottom hole high pressure spreads to the wellhead, it may bring safety risks to the wellhead emergency disposal. In this work, a new type of downhole packer while drilling was designed to quickly seal the annulus when high-pressure fluid appears underground. ABAQUS software is also used to simulate the sealing performance of the rubber cylinder, and analyze the stress changes of the rubber cylinder during the setting process. When the working stress is 10MPa, the maximum Mises stress of the rubber cylinder is 14.3MPa, and the contact stress of the rubber cylinder presents a “shoulder protrusion” distribution. By comparing the stress changes in the rubber cylinder with or without a metal skeleton, it was found that the overall contact stress with a metal skeleton will increase, which has a good impact on the sealing of the rubber cylinder.

Turbine blades play a decisive role in the performance of turbomachinery. The whirling milling process may provide a cost-effective way to produce blade surfaces. However, due to the low stiffness of blades, elastic deformation of the workpiece is often induced by the cutting force during the blade whirling process. In this paper, the elastic deformation in finish machining blades using a disk-shaped milling cutter on a 3-axis (C/Z/X) CNC machine is investigated. First, the process of the blade-whirling is briefly introduced. Then, the simulation model is established for analysis of the elastic deformation of the workpiece. Seven sections are made along the blade and twenty reference points are set in each section. By applying forces to these points, the deformations at the different location of the blade surface are analysed by means of simulation using the ABAQUS software. The deformation trend and the maximum displacements of the workpiece are identified, which is of great significance for improving the manufacturing quality and efficiency.

In the luxury vehicle class, online internet connection has become a standard feature in the recent years. This process is likely to spread completely in all vehicle categories in the coming years. In the past, computer supported vehicle diagnostics started with On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) I standard in the late 1960’s. This has been followed by OBD II in 1996, which allows a fully standardization regardless of vehicle manufacturer and models, based on a generic scan tool. Even its communication with the vehicle electronic architecture has been developed rapidly followed by the new technologies. This way of car analysis has been extended also for non-emission related functions. Online data collecting and analysis provides not only solutions in the car production and service but in its development process too. For example, it can help you to set realistic thresholds by defining an OBD strategy for many in-car systems and functions to avoid customer complaints, warranty costs and recalls afterwards. From predictive maintenance / repair perspective it is possible to monitor material properties, vibrations, damages potentials also in processes e.g. welding and soldering. The dynamic development of telecommunication and automotive technologies hand in hand will provide completely new ways for “car to diagnostics back end” communication in the future without using a scan tool device and its physical in-vehicle interface.

Reviewing the research on reinforced reactive powder concrete’s bonding properties from three perspectives: bonding test methods, influencing factors of bonding properties and bonding stress-slip constitutive relationship. For the central pull-out test, steel bar and concrete’s bond stress state deviates from the actual engineering structure, and the beam test is closer to the actual stress situation. The relevant experimental research at home and abroad and the bond-slip constitutive model based on the test are described in detail, and various factors affecting the bonding performance are analyzed and summarized. Finally, the shortcomings of the research direction and the trend of further research are analyzed to provide some reference for the design of practical engineering structures.

This research presents a novel solution heat treatment hot forming and quenching (SHQ) technique for creating high-strength and precise aluminum alloy sheet parts. The study involves three primary parts: characterization of the viscoplastic behavior of AA6061-T6 condition, investigation of the mechanical properties of commercially available AA6061-T6 alloy aged to varying degrees, and the development of a hot-forming process to compensate for poor formability at room temperature. The FE model was used to simulate heated die-forming tests based on experimental data gathered from high-temperature tensile testing. The accuracy of the FE model was verified, and the results showed excellent agreement between the FE model and the experimental data. The findings provide valuable insights for the development of a novel hot-forming technique for aluminum alloys, which could be used in the aerospace and automotive Industries.

Based on the calculation and simulation technology of welding temperature field, the numerical simulation of welding temperature field of thick plate joint under low temperature environment was carried out. Taking the 90 mm Q460GJC +30mm Q355C joint of high-strength building structural steel plate as the research object, the welding test and numerical simulation were carried out under a -15 °C environment, and the evolution process of multi-layer welding temperature field under ultra-thick plate was analyzed, and the performance of welding joints of large steel structure was predicted from the microscopic level. At the same time, this study provides technical support for the application of low-temperature welding, which is of great significance to ensure the welding quality of steel structures under low-temperature environment.

In the context of dual carbon, reducing carbon emissions and carbon pollution has become a necessary condition for clean production of enterprises. But in order to reduce environmental pollution, enterprises need to spend a lot of cost. These costs affect corporate earnings and future development, and how to effectively control environmental costs has become a key issue for high-quality development of enterprises. From the enterprise point of view, we can start from the following two key points. On the one hand, enterprises need to start from themselves to improve environmental risk awareness and control standards to control corporate environmental costs in the whole process. On the other hand, they need to form a joint force to control corporate environmental costs by means of PPP model, green trust, international financing and other ways.

Focus on the behavior of the bond between steel bars and high performance concrete with different corrosion rates, the corroded steel bars were simulated by changing the yield strength and elastic modulus of steel bars. The finite element software ABAQUS was in used to establish a 3-dimensional solid plastic damage model for reinforced high performance concrete, and the whole process of pull-out test was simulated. The findings demonstrate that the steel bar’s stress is transferred from the loading end to the free end of the concrete specimen and continuously decreases. Concrete’s stress continuously declines as it spreads from the steel bar interface to the surrounding area. The stress value of concrete increases initially and then gradually decreases with an increase in corrosion rate, and the ultimate slip value continuously decreases.

Cylindrical structure is a kind of common protective structure, its internal support is generally homogeneous or rigid, energy absorption buffer ring can effectively improve its impact resistance. In this paper, a comparative study of the impact resistance of cylindrical structures with composite cushioning energy absorption rings under double impact loads is carried out. The results show that the honeycomb core layer with negative Poisson’s ratio effect has better impact resistance under explosion load, the hexagonal honeycomb core layer has excellent performance in kinetic energy impact resistance, and the impact resistance of the upper core layer in the composite structure has a greater impact on the overall structure. The research results can provide reference for the design and optimization of protective structures under complex external loading environment.

As energy saving device, the vane wheel located in the downstream of propeller recovers energy from propeller wake. The deformations on the vane wheel are studied in present study considering Two-way fluid-structure interaction. The distributions of deformation and subsequent hydrodynamic performance change are discussed in present study. Results show that the numerical method employed in present study is reliable. The blade tip of vane wheel suffers severer deformations. The structural stress is concentrate at the interface of inner part and outer part.

With the development of complex terminal effects, the semi penetration effect of annular groove projectiles on multi-layer targets has obtained increasing attention. In this paper, based on the theory of cavity expansion, a comparative analysis model is established for the oblique penetration of annular groove projectile and ogive-nosed projectile into multi-layer targets. The FEM analysis software LS-DYNA is used to simulate and calculate the time history curves of projectile velocity, axis deviation angle, and axis angular velocity. In addition, the micro rheological behavior of the target material in the groove during oblique penetration was studied. The results show that the radial offset of the annular groove projectile is less than that of the pointed projectile, and the larger the landing angle, the greater the projectile offset. The penetration resistance of target decreases with the increase in layers of target, while the DOP and lateral deviation of the projectile increase. This analysis model can provide analytical basis for related applications.

This paper focuses on the real time detection of sand production of oil and gas wells. According to the movement rule of the sand in the flow, Sand in the pipeline making the collision with the pipe at the elbow, producing a sound signal, which is regarded as sand production signal. This paper analyzes the characteristic of the sand production signal, establish the theoretical models and calculation method between the sand production signal and sand production rate. Through the laboratory simulation experiments combined with the testing system, test results show the rationality and practical of the sand production model.

Based on the technical requirements for emergency repair of damaged subsea oil and gas pipelines, an enhanced pipeline repair clamp is designed. In order to facilitate the installation of subsea environment, a hydraulic cylinder auxiliary installation mechanism is designed. Based on the reinforcement requirements of damaged part of pipelines, the enhanced components are designed and the slip enhanced structure is designed. Analyzed the sealing technology of the clamp, and found that double sealing technology is adopted by the clamp, resulting in higher reliability of pipeline repair sealing. The formula for calculating the key parameters of the wall thickness of the clamp is provided. The above work can provide reference for the design and application of enhanced pipeline repair clamp.